The American Library Association condemns censorship and works to ensure free access to information. Every year, the Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) compiles a list of the Top 10 Most Challenged Books in order to inform the public about censorship in libraries and schools. The lists are based on information from media stories and voluntary reports sent to OIF from communities across the U.S. The Top 10 lists are only a snapshot of book challenges. Surveys indicate that 82-97% of book challenges – documented requests to remove materials from schools or libraries – remain unreported and receive no media. To read about the reasons why one person or group thought a book should be banned, see Frequently Challenged Books Top 10 Lists. This page covers details for 2001-2020 with background information for 2000-2009.
Top 100 Most Banned and Challenged Books: 2010-2019; Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009; 100 most frequently challenged books: 1990-1999 Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) has only been collecting data about banned books since 1990, so they do not have any lists of frequently challenged books or authors before that date.
The ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom tracked 729 challenges to library, school, and university materials and services in 2021. Of the 1597 books that were targeted, here are the most challenged, along with the reasons cited for censoring the books:
These titles may not have made the Top Ten lists, but they have still been challenged many times over the years for various reasons.