Conducting Research Interviews: Writing the Interview (In APA styling)

What is an interview paper?

An interview paper is a research-based essay based on information gathered in interviews with various people. While other research papers primarily cite published print sources, interview papers draw their evidence from unpublished conversations—in person, by phone or by email. The interviewees are usually individuals with expertise in the topic being discussed or participants in a study or survey. Aside from academic reports or essays, interview papers are prevalent in journalism, as spoken responses to questions form much of the basis of many newspaper or magazine articles. The nature of interview papers allows for the potential to include unique insights in your writing. Two people can interview the same person about the same subject but receive somewhat different sets of information depending on the questions they ask. Personal factors, too, can influence the outcome of an interview, as the interviewee's level of comfort and emotional condition at the time of the conversation may render them or less communicative.

An APA-formatted paper typically consists of four major sections:

1. Title page: The title page informs the reader about the subject of the paper and the details of who you are and who you are writing it for.
2. Abstract: Introduce the subject of your interview in-text, describing her qualifications, background and why she is suitable to answer your questions. 
3. Main body: The main body comprises the content of the paper itself—an essay or a report. APA-style reports typically separate the contents by section—namely, the introduction, titled sections for each question or subject area that groups of questions fall into, and the response as a block of quoted text. Present the question you asked the interviewee when explaining her response in the text of your paper. This is important to provide the context in which the interviewee presented fact or opinion. Be clear whether the question was open-ended or close-ended. Use quotes, rather than paraphrasing, when citing specific information and facts given by the interviewee. A quote longer than 40 words should be set aside as a block quote, according to APA style.
4. References: The references section is a list of the published sources used to support the points in the paper. For interview reporting where no published works exist that were referenced, no citation is necessary. Personal and research-participant interviews are unpublished, so you can omit them from the references section, but make sure to include published interviews.

When using American Psychological Association (APA) style, your interview should either be cited as personal communication or recorded in detail in your text. The APA interview writing format has specific rules for how to write an interview paper. 

Important Note on Personal Interviews:

• A personal interview should NOT be included in a reference list in APA. They are not considered recoverable data (they cannot be found by a researcher). You should reference personal interviews as in-text citations instead.
• Example: (J. Doe, personal communication, December 12, 2024)

That being said, there is a general structure if you want to cite a personal interview as part of your APA works cited list:

Author, A. (Year, Month Date). Interview type.

APA format example:

Marino, B. (2024, October 18). Personal Interview.

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